630 | Muhammad conquers Mecca from his base in Medina. |
632 | Muhammad dies in Medina. Islam controls the Hijaz. |
636 | Muslims conquest of Syria, and the surrounding lands, all Christian – including Palestine and Iraq. |
637 | Muslim Jihadists conquer Iraq (some date it in 635 or 636). |
638 | Muslim Jihadists conquer and annex Jerusalem, taking it from the Byzantines. |
638 – 650 | Muslim Jihadists conquer Iran, except along Caspian Sea. |
639 – 642 | Muslim Jihadists conquer Egypt. |
641 | Muslim Jihadists control Syria and Palestine. |
643 – 707 | Muslim Jihadists conquer North Africa. |
644 – 650 | Muslim Jihadists conquer Cyprus, Tripoli in North Africa, and establish Islamic rule in Iran, Afghanistan, and Sind. |
673 – 678 | Arabs besiege Constantinople, capital of Byzantine Empire. |
691 | Dome of the Rock is completed in Jerusalem, only six decades after Muhammad’s death. |
710 – 713 | Muslim Jihadists conquer the lower Indus Valley. |
711 – 713 | Muslim Jihadists conquer Spain and impose the kingdom of Andalus. The Muslim conquest moves into Europe. |
718 | Conquest of Spain complete. |
732 | Muslim invasion of France is stopped at the Battle of Poitiers / Battle of Tours. The Franks, under their leader Charles Martel (the grandfather of Charlemagne), defeat the Muslims and turn them back out of France. |
762 | Foundation of Baghdad. |
785 | Foundation of the Great Mosque of Cordova. |
789 | Rise of Idrisid amirs (Muslim Jihadists) in Morocco; Christoforos, a Muslim who converted to Christianity, is executed. |
800 | Autonomous Aghlabid dynasty (Muslim Jihadists) in Tunisia |
807 | Caliph Harun al—Rashid orders the destruction of non-Muslim prayer houses & of the church of Mary Magdalene in Jerusalem. |
809 | Aghlabids (Muslim Jihadists) conquer Sardinia, Italy. |
813 | Christians in Palestine are attacked; many flee the country. |
831 | Muslim Jihadists capture Palermo, Italy; raids in Southern Italy. |
837 – 901 | Aghlabids (Muslim Jihadists) conquer Sicily, raid Corsica, Italy, France. |
869 – 883 | Revolt of black slaves in Iraq. |
909 | Rise of the Fatimid Caliphate in Tunisia; these Muslim Jihadists occupy Sicily, Sardinia. |
928 – 969 | Byzantine military revival, they retake old territories, such as Cyprus (964) and Tarsus (969). |
937 | The Church of the Resurrection (aka Church of Holy Sepulcher) is burned down by Muslims; more churches in Jerusalem are attacked. |
960 | Conversion of Qarakhanid Turks to Islam. |
969 | Fatimids (Muslim Jihadists) conquer Egypt and found Cairo. |
973 | Israel and southern Syria are again conquered by the Fatimids. |
1003 | First persecutions by al—Hakim; the Church of St. Mark in Fustat, Egypt, is destroyed. |
1009 | Destruction of the Church of the Resurrection by al—Hakim (see 937). |
1012 | Beginning of al—Hakim’s oppressive decrees against Jews and Christians. |
1050 | Creation of Almoravid (Muslim Jihadists) movement in Mauretania; Almoravids (aka Murabitun) are coalition of western Saharan Berbers; followers of Islam, focusing on the Quran, the hadith, and Maliki law. |
1071 | Battle of Manzikert, Seljuk Turks (Muslim Jihadists) defeat Byzantines and occupy much of Anatolia. |
1071 | Turks (Muslim Jihadists) invade Palestine. |
1073 | Conquest of Jerusalem by Turks (Muslim Jihadists). |
1075 | Seljuks (Muslim Jihadists) capture Nicea (Iznik) and make it their capital in Anatolia. |
1076 | Almoravids (Muslim Jihadists) (see 1050) conquer western Ghana. |
1086 | Almoravids (Muslim Jihadists) (see 1050) send help to Andalus, Battle of Zallaca. |
1090 – 1091 | Almoravids (Muslim Jihadists) occupy all of Andalus except Saragossa and Balearic Islands. |
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